Business Management of Owning a Construction Company Essay Example for Free

Business Management of Owning a Construction Company Essay Possessing a development organization requires great arranging whereby the administration sets up a few measures to guarantee that an organization performs well to create enough cash that guides it run its activities. Accessibility of surplus crude materials is one of the significant components to consider while dealing with a development organization. A development firm ought to have enough workers who offer administrations to clients and who work at the creation stage. Running a development organization necessitates that the administration think of a decent advertising procedure that permits the organization to draw in whatever number customers as would be prudent to permit the association create enough salary to do its exercises adequately. Keeping records in a composed way makes it simple for a development organization to make references and furthermore to maintain a strategic distance from loss of information. Directors who plan their exercises shrewdly and as needs be in a development organization are in a superior situation of raising the benefit that the organization creates and to improve the nature of merchandise and ventures that the firm offers. Meaning of Important Concepts The executives is a typical term that this paper uses and it intends to receive compelling measures as a pioneer that help to run an association in a successful way. The term development is additionally normal in this investigation and it intends to think of tasks, for example, structures, scaffolds and streets utilizing qualified work force. Counterarguments Despite the fact that crude materials are fundamental in the running of a development organization, a few organizations need them because of poor administration which by and large prompts the fall of a business. Other development organizations need enough workers and this makes the accessible laborers to strain with their work which much of the time brings down the result of development organizations. Absence of powerful showcasing methodology and absence of legitimate methods of record keeping likewise in numerous occurrences lead to the destruction of numerous development organizations since they can't produce adequate salary from various clients and they experience disarray respectively.This report utilizes a fanciful organization by the name of Davis Construction firm to explain the administration of possessing a development organization. As a component of its exercises, this development firm delivers building blocks from earth soil, produces celling sheets that manufacturers fit inside houses, and furthermore recruits proficient artisans and other development fashioners to individuals or associations that need to think of structures. To achieve its objectives, the administration of Davis Construction firm should consider a few measure that will assist it with running its exercises. Accessibility of Raw Materials As a matter of first importance, the administrator of this association must guarantee that there is a consistent progression of crude materials to empower the firm proceed with its creation. For this situation, the basic crude materials that Davis Construction firm needs are mud soil to fabricate blocks, wood chips to make celling board, and adequate water to do the blending procedure. Other crude materials that this association needs to create its merchandise incorporate synthetics that it uses to do its creation. A decent administrator will complete an examination on the best places to procure the crude materials with the goal that the organizations doesn't encounter delays in its creation procedure. To guarantee a consistent flexibly of crude materials in a development firm, chiefs ought to have more than one wellspring of providers who convey crude materials to the organization. Having more than one wellspring of provider who flexibly a similar item is significant on the grounds that this permits an organization to do its exercises ceaselessly not to bother clients. In numerous examples, problematic providers make business supervisors to consider elective ways getting crude materials to do an organization’s exercises (Alonso, 2007, p. 3). Another manner by which the director of this organization and some other development organization can guarantee steady accessibility of crude materials is by setting up close by locales that create enough crude materials to run the exercises of an a ssociation. For instance, to have a consistent gracefully of water, the supervisor can recruit experts to come and burrow boreholes that will give surplus water to the firm at an a lot less expensive expense. Accessibility of Workers Compelling administration of a development organization calls for employing enough workers who help in running the organization’s exercises. An insightful supervisor will accordingly, put measures to guarantee that the workers share work similarly and that they don't strain while doing their exercises. The workers in a development firm should fall into a few segments where every laborer participates in the movement of his specialization. By every laborer partaking in the exercises of his specialization, a development firm will accomplish exactness in all the products it produces and all the administrations it offers. To get workers of adequate information to do their exercises, the administration of Davis Construction Firm should complete a test while enlisting workers in the wake of learning their certifications. Despite the fact that it is a typical event in numerous nations that development exercises pull in laborers with low instructive level (ILO, 2001, p. 12), it is significant for administrators to recruit laborers with high capability to carry out their responsibility impeccably to think of items and administrations that fulfill customers’ needs. The administration ought to guarantee that laborers get adequate preparing to empower them do their obligations with accuracy. As a method of improving the specialized abilities of their laborers, administrators should sort out educative courses where different experts offer hypothetical and reasonable information to the laborers. Great supervisors step up of helping experts who show extraordinary capacity in their obligations achieve furt her preparing and furthermore to fill in as inspiration to the temporary workers. Chiefs in a development organization ought to likewise take their laborers to visit distinctive development firms provided that they neglect to do this, it will be difficult to contend well with other development firms. Promoting Strategies A development organization should receive successful advertising procedures that permits it to arrive at clients from various geological districts. After serious exploration about promoting methodologies, chiefs in development organizations, for example, Davies Construction Firm should think of an appropriate method of showcasing the products and enterprises that the firm offers. To adequately arrive at clients from various locales, administrators who run development firms should receive dependable channels, for example, the web and distributions on the grounds that these two can convey such a great amount of data about an organization and are additionally ready to transmit data inside an exceptionally brief timeframe. Upgraded innovation has improved correspondence and advertising which has beneficial outcome on between hierarchical relationship and correspondence (Avlonitis Karayanni, 2000, p. 442). Administrators in a development firms ought to name certain individuals with the co rrect capability to deal with the company’s site and to take care of customers’ needs. In a business association, it is significant for supervisors to make a customers’ division wing to improve the nature of administrations and to construct a drawn out relationship with the clients (Rust, Moorman, Bhalla, 2010, p. 5). Record Keeping Directors who run development organizations ought to embrace better methods of putting away essential data. Great types of record keeping empower development organizations to make essential reference at whatever point clashes or inconsistencies happen. For instance, Davis Construction Firm can embrace better methods of record keeping by utilizing PCs that can store enormous measure of information for quite a while. Individuals accountable for electronically putting away information must be sharp in their exercises to guarantee that the data remains for quite a while without getting lost (Trace, 2002, p. 138). Administrators in a development firm ought to likewise receive a method of keeping records that is anything but difficult to recover data. A portion of the fitting methods of keeping records in a way that is anything but difficult to recover incorporate utilizing in order orders, putting away records as per the subject and keeping records in understanding to direness. End Supervisors who run development firms should step up to the plate of helping the organization accomplish its objectives. As a major aspect of their administration obligations, directors ought to have the option to concoct ways that guarantees a steady and adequate flexibly of crude materials to empower the firm complete creation of merchandise and enterprises persistently. An administrator ought to likewise have the option to guarantee that a development firm has enough laborers who help in doing the exercises of an organization in understanding to their region of strength. Concocting a viable promoting system assists with arriving at clients from various areas and along these lines, have the option to produce enough cash for the development firm. Most importantly, an administrator in a development firm needs to gadget successful techniques for putting away fundamental data about past and current tasks of a development firm. References Alonso, E., et al. (2007). Material accessibility and the gracefully chain: Risks, impacts, and reactions. Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Avlonitis, G., Karayanni, D. (2000). The effect of web use on business-to-business advertising: Examples from American and European organizations. Mechanical advertising the board 29(4) 441-459. Worldwide Labor Organization, ILO. (2001). The development business in the twenty-first century: Its picture, business possibilities and ability necessities. Geneva. Rust, R., Moorman, C., Bhalla, G. (2010). Reconsidering promoting. Harvard Business Review. Follow, B., C. (2002). What is recorded is never basically ‘what happened’: Record keeping in Present day authoritative culture. Authentic Science 2(7), 137-159.at is Recorded I

Multiculturalism Views From Anthropology

Question: Talk about the Multiculturalism Views From Anthropology. Answer: Presentation: Multiculturalism has no precise definition since it exclusively relies upon the settings where it is being utilized. As the crowd increment because of endeavors made by numerous individuals in making their voices heard, so does the definition changes. Notwithstanding, it spins around the investigation of assorted points of view because of various beneficial encounters by individuals just as the foundation, for example, sex, race, ethnicity and social class that individuals originate from. Accordingly multiculturalism includes the acknowledgment of a few distinct societies. This prompts decent variety which influences the socioeconomics of the individuals. The multicultural networks are knowledgeable about schools, neighborhood, urban areas and business regions (Lcke et al., 2014). It is supported that multicultural individuals be given equivalent advantages and openings regardless of their strict, racial or ethnic causes. Besides, opportunity, regard and value are integral to a multi cultural network. It is essential to value the way that globalization has made the world to come at a short proximity than previously. This has made numerous societies to meet up to approach and live respectively with the goal that they experience a multicultural stage (Rhoads and Valadez, 2016). This prompts a circumstance whereby the various societies help individuals to cooperate in a solid way. Multiculturalism is related with bringing learning, sound living and festivities in some other condition. It is additionally essential to comprehend that multiculturalism comes close by with some negative impacts. For example, there are a few people in the general public who probably won't be happy to take in and acknowledge societies from others (Prato, 2016). In this manner these individuals will initiate uprisings to outsider societies whereby the appointed authority individuals dependent on their strict, racial, social and ethnic convictions. At long last, these narrow minded people might be the culprits of uproars, battles and strain in multicultural networks. Notwithstanding, thinking about these realities, it is clear that the advantages related with multiculturalism are more noteworthy when contrasted with the difficulties. Reference List Lcke, G., Kostova, T. what's more, Roth, K., 2014. Multiculturalism from a subjective point of view: Patterns and suggestions. Diary of International Business Studies, 45(2), pp.169-190. Prato, G.B. ed., 2016. Past multiculturalism: sees from human studies. Routledge. Rhoads, R.A. what's more, Valadez, J.R., 2016. Majority rule government, multiculturalism, and the junior college: A basic point of view (Vol. 1081). Routledge.

2016-17 University of Michigan Application Essay Prompts

2016-17 University of Michigan Application Essay Prompts College Spotlight: University of Michigan 2016-17 College Spotlight: University of Michigan 2016-17 The University of Michigan is a prestigious public university located in the heart of Ann Arbor, Michigan. Being such a huge university, Michigan is known for its vast degree program options (about 260 in total), being a top research institute offering research opportunities to more than 1,300 students each year, and for its Division I athletics. Michigan also has over 1,500 student organizations, making it nearly impossible to not get involved on campus. Oh, and did we mention that they also have over 20 study abroad programs? This school has something for everyone. Even though they no longer have a live wolverine mascot named Biff, they do still have a lot to offer. If you think this sounds like it could be your top school, then check out these UMich highlights we’ve thrown together for you! Basic Stats Number of Undergrads: 28,312 Student:Faculty Ratio: 15:1 Acceptance Rate: 32.2% SAT/ACT required: Yes Coalition or Common App: Common App Regular Application Deadline: February 1, 2017 Digging to the Details School Motto Artes, Scientia, Veritas (Art, Knowledge, Truth) Notable Alumni Just some of the many distinguished UMich alumni: Gerald Ford- The 38th president of the United States Madonna- Like a Virgin and Vogue Singer Michael Phelps- U.S. Olympics swimmer and gold medalist Tony Fadell- Inventor of the Apple iPod Edward White- first American to walk in space Most Popular Academic Programs Economics Experimental Psychology Business Administration and Management Political Science and Government Neuroscience Social Media The University of Michigan maintains very active Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram profiles, updating them multiple times each day with colorful pictures and helpful information, giving you a sneak peek into student life, information on events, and important university announcements. If this school interests you, it’s definitely worth taking a peek at their various profiles! University Facebook Admissions Facebook University Twitter Admissions Twitter University Instagram Admissions Instagram Essay Prompts and Instructions Activity Essay: If you could only do one of the activities you have listed in the Activities section of your Common Application, which one would you keep doing? Why? (Required for all applicants. Approximately 100 words) Essay 1: Everyone belongs to many different communities and/or groups defined by (among other things) shared geography, religion, ethnicity, income, cuisine, interest, race, ideology, or intellectual heritage. Choose one of the communities to which you belong, and describe that community and your place within it.  (Required for all applicants. Approximately 250 words) Essay 2 (first-year applicants only, 500 words): Describe the unique qualities that attract you to the specific undergraduate College or School (including preferred admission and dual degree programs) to which you are applying at the University of Michigan. How would that curriculum support your interests? (*Required for all freshman applicants, approximately 500 words) Essay 2 (transfer applicants only, 500 words): Describe the unique qualities that attract you to the specific undergraduate College or School to which you are applying at the University of Michigan. How would that curriculum support your interests? (*Required for all transfer applicants, approximately 500 words.) Complete Instructions Available on the University of Michigan admissions website. Check out UChicagos 2016-17 essay prompts. Jumpstart your writing process with College Essay Academy. About Rebecca SemenetzView all posts by Rebecca Semenetz »

The Horrific Duration Of The Holocaust - 1780 Words

The horrendous duration of the Holocaust was a dark time in human history. Millions of Jewish people died along with African-Americans, disabled people, and anyone who did not fit into the Nazi regime. During this time of persecution, there were people who did not take action to help their fellow neighbors and decided to be bystanders. But in the midst of terrified silence, a Capuchin priest resolved to break the silence. Pà ¨re Marie-Benoà ®t was a member of the Catholic Church when Jews were being taken to concentration camps to face a dreadful demise. Unlike many of his fellow church members, he decided to take action and help as many people as he could. A concise review of Pà ¨re Marie-Benoà ®t’s life will help show the amazing effects†¦show more content†¦He was raised during a time where French leaders were very prejudiced against Catholic establishments, which included schools (Picker 152). This did not deter him evidently, as he discovered he wanted to become a priest at the young age of 12 (Zuccotti 54). Pà ©re Paulin, a Capuchin friar at the time, mentored young Pà ¨re on Catholic duties (Zuccotti 20). When he got older, Pà ¨re moved to Bruest-Esyden in the Netherlands to study theology at a Capuchin school (Zuccotti 22). He did not stay at home because of the French ban forbidding members of religious orders to teach at schools (Zuccotti 54). He was still living in the Netherlands in 1914 when World War 1 broke out. Abandoning his studies, Pà ¨re moved back to France to join the military where he served as a medic and a stretcher-bearer (Zuccotti 54). During this time, he would often send letters to his spiritual leader and mentor, presumably for guidance and encouragement (Picker 152). He received numerous citations for his time in service actions such as tending to soldiers and rescuing people on the field (Zuccotti 27). Unfortunately, he had to be hospitalized for a few months due to a leg wound he received while in service (Zuccotti 54). After the war, he returned back to Netherlands in 1919 to continue his studies. As his professors watched him pass his classes with flying colors, he was chosen to transfer to the International College of Saint Lawrence of Brindisi in Rome (Zuccotti 38). When he got thereShow MoreRelatedThe Holocaust and The Final Solution Plan Essay622 Words   |  3 PagesThe Holocaust, it’s such a horrific topic. Why do we study this? The answer I will give at the end of this essay, although, there are many ways people look at the holocaust, different opinions that people have, different understandings. This is my understanding. Holocaust. (The Greek word meaning Whole (Holo), and burnt (Caust). The name although sad, is quite an appropriate name for this event in history, because the Jewish people’s spirt, was almost entirely â€Å"Burnt†. 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Several stories tell this horrific tragedy, but a survivor named Elie Wiesel recollects his memories and writes it within a memoir, which he titled, Night. Wiesel narrates his experience as Nazi Germany takes away his home along with all the precious people that he has ever lovedRead MoreA Brief Note On The And The Holocaust1814 Words   |  8 PagesTheodicy and the Holocaust The Holocaust was the defining event of the modern era for Judaism. It changed the Jewish community’s perception of the world, as well as the world’s perception of the Jewish community. It cost six million people their lives, eliminating about one third of the Jewish population. Mankind witnessed the most destructive act of evil it has ever seen. Evil, in fact, seems an understatement. The horrors of the Holocaust are inexplicable, ever more so for those that did not

Battle of the Philippine Sea in World War II

The Battle of the Philippine Sea was fought on June 19-20, 1944, as part of the Pacific Theater of World War II (1939-1945). Having island-hopped across the Pacific Ocean, Allied forces advanced on the Mariana Islands in mid-1944. Seeking to block this thrust, the Imperial Japanese Navy dispatched a large force to the area. In the resulting battle, Allied forces sank three Japanese aircraft carriers and inflicted crippling losses on the Japanese fleet air arm. The aerial battle proved so one-sided that Allied pilots referred to it as the Great Marianas Turkey Shoot. The victory allowed Allied forces to isolate and eliminate Japanese forces on Saipan, Guam, and Tinian. Background Having recovered from their earlier carrier losses at the Coral Sea, Midway, and the Solomons Campaign, the Japanese decided to return to the offensive in mid-1944. Initiating Operation A-Go, Admiral Soemu Toyoda, Commander-in-Chief of the Combined Fleet, committed the bulk of his surface forces to striking at the Allies. Concentrated in Vice Admiral Jisaburo Ozawas First Mobile Fleet, this force was centered on nine carriers (5 fleet, 4 light) and five battleships. In mid-June with American forces attacking Saipan in the Marianas, Toyoda ordered Ozawa to strike. Vice Admiral Jisaburo Ozawa, IJN.   Public Domain Steaming into the Philippine Sea, Ozawa counted on support from Vice Admiral Kakuji Kakutas land-based planes in the Marianas which he hoped would destroy a third of the American carriers before his fleet arrived. Unknown to Ozawa, Kakutas strength had been greatly reduced by Allied air attacks on June 11-12. Alerted to Ozawas sailing by U.S. submarines, Admiral Raymond Spruance, commander of the U.S. 5th Fleet, had Vice Admiral Marc Mitschers Task Force 58 formed near Saipan to meet the Japanese advance. Consisting of fifteen carriers in four groups and seven fast battleships, TF-58 was intended to deal with Ozawa, while also covering the landings on Saipan. Around midnight on June 18, Admiral Chester W. Nimitz, Commander-in-Chief of the U.S. Pacific Fleet, alerted Spruance that Ozawas main body had been located approximately 350 miles west-southwest of TF-58. Realizing that continuing to steam west could lead to a night encounter with the Japanese, Mitscher asked permission to move just far enough west to be able to launch an air strike at dawn. Battle of the Philippine Sea Conflict: World War II (1939-1945)Dates: July 19-20, 1944Fleets and Commanders:AlliesAdmiral Raymond SpruanceVice Admiral Marc Mitscher7 fleet carriers, 8 light carriers, 7 battleships, 79 other warships, 28 submarinesJapaneseVice Admiral Jisaburo OzawaVice Admiral Kakuji Kakuta5 fleet carriers, 4 light carriers, 5 battleships, 43 other warshipsCasualties:Allies: 123 aircraftJapan: 3 carriers, 2 oilers, and approximately 600 aircraft (around 400 carrier, 200 land-based) Fighting Begins Concerned about being lured away from Saipan and opening the door for the Japanese slip around his flank, Spruance denied Mitschers request stunning his subordinate and his aviators. Knowing that battle was imminent, TF-58 deployed with its battleships to the west to provide an anti-aircraft shield. Around 5:50 a.m. on June 19, an A6M Zero from Guam spotted TF-58 and radioed a report to Ozawa before being shot down. Operating on this information, Japanese aircraft began taking off from Guam. To meet this threat, a group of F6F Hellcat fighters was launched. Vice Admiral Marc Mitscher.   U.S. Navy History and Heritage Command Arriving over Guam, they became engaged in a large aerial battle which saw 35 Japanese aircraft shot down. Fighting for over an hour, the American planes were recalled when radar reports showed inbound Japanese aircraft. These were the first wave of aircraft from Ozawas carriers which had launched around 8:30 a.m. While the Japanese had been able to make good their losses in carriers and aircraft, their pilots were green and lacked the skill and experience of their American counterparts. Consisting of 69 aircraft, the first Japanese wave was met by 220 Hellcats approximately 55 miles from the carriers. A Turkey Shoot Committing basic mistakes, the Japanese were knocked from the sky in large numbers with 41 of the 69 aircraft being shot down in less than 35 minutes. Their only success was a hit on the battleship USS South Dakota (BB-57). At 11:07 a.m., a second wave of Japanese aircraft appeared. Having launched shortly after the first, this group was larger and numbered 109 fighters, bombers, and torpedo bombers. Engaged 60 miles out, the Japanese lost around 70 aircraft before reaching TF-58. While they managed some near misses, they failed to score any hits. By the time the attacked ended, 97 Japanese aircraft had been downed. Fighter plane contrails mark the sky over Task Force 58, during the Great Marianas Turkey Shoot phase of the Battle of the Philippine Sea, June 29, 1944.   U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command A third Japanese attack of 47 aircraft was met at 1:00 PM with seven aircraft being downed. The remainder either lost their bearings or failed to press their attacks. Ozawas final attack launched around 11:30 a.m. and consisted of 82 aircraft. Arriving in the area, 49 failed to spot TF-58 and continued on to Guam. The rest attacked as planned, but sustained heavy losses and failed to inflict any damage on the American ships. Arriving over Guam, the first group was attacked by Hellcats as they attempted to land at Orote. During this engagement, 30 of the 42 were shot down. American Strikes As Ozawas aircraft were launching, his carriers were being stalked by American submarines. The first to strike was USS Albacore which fired a spread of torpedoes at the carrier Taiho. Ozawas flagship, Taiho was hit by one which ruptured two aviation fuel tanks. A second attack came later in the day when USS Cavella struck the carrier Shokaku with four torpedoes. As Shokaku was dead in the water and sinking, a damage control error aboard Taiho led to a series of explosions which sank the ship. Recovering his aircraft, Spruance again held off turning west in an effort to protect Saipan. Making the turn at nightfall, his search aircraft spent most of June 20 trying to locate Ozawas ships. Finally around 4:00 p.m., a scout from USS Enterprise (CV-6) located the enemy. Making a daring decision, Mitscher launched an attack at extreme range and with only hours remaining before sunset. Reaching the Japanese fleet, the 550 American aircraft sank two oilers and the carrier Hiyo in exchange for twenty aircraft. In addition, hits were scored on the carriers Zuikaku, Junyo, and Chiyoda, as well as the battleship Haruna. Japanese Carrier Division Three under attack by United States Navy aircraft from Task Force 58 in the battle of the Philippine Sea, late afternoon of June 20, 1944. U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command   Flying home in the darkness, the attackers began to run low on fuel and many were forced to ditch. To ease their return, Mitscher daringly ordered all of the lights in the fleet turned on despite the risk of alerting enemy submarines to their position. Landing over a two-hour span, the aircraft set down wherever was easiest with many landing on the wrong ship. Despite these efforts, around 80 aircraft were lost through ditching or crashes. His air arm effectively destroyed, Ozawa was ordered to withdraw that night by Toyoda. Aftermath The Battle of the Philippine Sea cost Allied forces 123 aircraft while the Japanese lost three carriers, two oilers, and approximately 600 aircraft (around 400 carrier, 200 land-based). The devastation wrought by American pilots on June 19 led one to comment Why, hell it was just like an old-time turkey shoot down home!† This led to the aerial fight earning the name The Great Marianas Turkey Shoot. With the Japanese air arm crippled, their carriers only became useful as decoys and were deployed as such at the Battle of Leyte Gulf. While many criticized Spruance for not being aggressive enough, he was commended by his superiors for his performance.

Coming of Age in New Jersey by Michael Moffatt Free Essays

One learns real education in the college of self-education, where one’s mind is one’s Principal; one’s initiative, one’s Professors. One’s hard work, one’s tutors!   It provides you the correct decision making power. It makes you act. We will write a custom essay sample on Coming of Age in New Jersey by Michael Moffatt: or any similar topic only for you Order Now You are able to start a thing; you are also able to finish that thing and achieve your goal. The real education tells you, there is no victory or defeat in life –there is only permanent effort. What are theory text-books after all? They are the storehouse of experiences. True college education must stand the test of its practical application. According to Moffatt it should provide awareness, proper direction and destination to the student, in life. As a new and revealing perspective on the much-studied American college student, the observations contained in the book are highly authentic and path-breaking! Breaking through the facade of higher learning and discovering the actuality of college life (pertaining to the students, professors, and the institution as a whole). The book describes the plight of the American college student, who carries encyclopedia within his brain. He goes on accumulating knowledge, and doesn’t know much about its application—meaning thereby failure to perform to right things at the right time. Students don’t enter college just to study the prescribed textbooks relating to their syllabus—they are spending the very precious part, of the formative years of their life in the portals of college.   Every student has the problem, peculiar to his circumstances and the level of his progression in life. They learn what is individualism, what is friendship, the community feelings, color and race, ethnic problems, intellectual achievements, work and play and above all sex and gender related problems. The student is exposed to new situations all through his years in the college. The author is a faculty member in the Anthropology department at Rutgers University. He did his college studies twice. The objectives of his two attempts were different. On the first occasion, perhaps it was pure study—own career-oriented approach. At the second attempt, he was studying the students. Not what they study, but how they study, what they study! The old-guard was a fresher again, as a very senior student. He lived in the dorm, with the students. Could there by ay better method, for gathering authentic notes for his intended study? This he did, 20 years after his graduation. Moffatt realized that the young college student was a growing human plant. In the heart, he revolted against the prevailing educational system in America, severed from Nature and stifling all individuality. Moffatt had practical ideals to mold the education system. He advocated for new types of training and fearless experiments. Educational innovations for the college students need to become more numerous and more courageous, he advocated. When his second term as a student was over, Moffatt, offered his preliminary results for further scrutiny and comments by the students. The feedback obtained from the undergraduates, provided valuable data to refine his initial observations. He got more information from their perspective, and unique interpretations, that provided more creditability to the book. The book, in a way is jointly authored by the Professor and the students. The student’s actions, feelings, and thoughts about college (them giving more importance to the social world than the academic); Moffatt( as a student for the second time) makes an interesting observation, how the various officials, employees, professors etc. only knew the partial truth about the functioning of the college, not the whole truth. He writes, â€Å"The College was a very complicated place, made more complicated by its inclusion in a bigger and even more confusing university. Very few administrators understood all of it–even its formal organization—let alone how it actually worked. Most campus adults did not even try; they simply did their best to grasp those small parts of the college and the university that they needed to understand.†(Moffat, 1989, p. xv (preface) â€Å"I no longer understood my students†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ says Prof. Moffatt. There was no feeling of solidarity and responsibility. Exercise of self-reliance and individuality was not encouraged. Stern regard for duty, action without motivated desires, sacrifice and self-respect as well respect for others, were absent. The student was willing to be influenced by the impact of materialistic civilization totally, and the internet revolution did leave deep impact on him. Academic dignity and the great purpose of nobility of human life were sadly lacking. The distant and uncommunicative relationship between the students and professors and how that plays a part in the student’s actions and beliefs in/about college (affects the development of the students.) The study revealed many interesting factors. It brought to light the limited knowledge the students had about the structure/hierarchy of the teaching staff and their duties and responsibilities. The students never knew how Professors spent their time after the actual study hours, and about their research, thinking and the department politics. He writes, â€Å"Most students were not sure of the relation between the two most immediate authorities in their lives, the dean of students and the dean of Rutgers College. And very few of them could name any of the higher-level university officials between these two deans at the bottom of the administration and the president of Rutgers University at the top.†(Moffat, 1989, p.25) As for the Professors, they were not aware of what the students need to do every semester—how to budget their time against the time and space demands. Conclusion: What is the true purpose of education? Rabindranath Tagore, the Nobel-prize winning poet from India puts it beautifully: â€Å"Where the mind is without fear and the head is held high, Where knowledge is free, Where the word has not been broken up into fragments by narrow domestic walls, Where words come from the depth of truth, †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦into that heaven of freedom, my Father, let my country awake!—education must lead an individual, a student to such height level of evolution. References Cited: Moffatt, Michael: Book: Coming of Age in New Jersey. Paperback: 376 pages Publisher: Rutgers University Press (March 1, 1989) Language: English ISBN-10: 0813513596 ISBN-13: 978-0813513591 Editorial Reviews       How to cite Coming of Age in New Jersey by Michael Moffatt:, Essay examples

Hospitality Management Research and Theory

Question: Discuss about the Hospitality Managementfor Research and Theory. Answer: Introduction Leadership is an important quality that highlights how well a person is able to lead and motivate others. This assignment highlights one of the most celebrated leaders of the hospitality sector, the founder to the Marriott International, John Willard Marriott. This assignment highlights his profile as a leader. Various leadership styles have been described, using peer-reviewed journals. The style and approach of John Willard Marriott, has been highlighted along with the ethical aspects and issues faced by him, as a leader. Profile One of the most reputed leaders in the hospitality and tourism industry, who has created a revolution in the hospitality industry by his innovations and efforts, is John Willard Marriott. J.W Marriot was born in 1900, and was an American businessman and entrepreneur. He was the founder of the Marriott Corporation, which in 1993 became the Marriott International. The business career of J.W.Marriott, started in 1927 where he secured the franchise rights from AW Root Beer. Gradually, the Marriott business chain started growing and the company had its first public offering in 1953 (Marriott.com, 2017). As he gradually became a leader, he expanded his business and opened the first Marriott hotel at Virginia. With the companys growth, in became Marriott Inc, in the year 1967. John Willard Marriott was one of the most revolutionary leaders that the hospitality industry had ever witnessed. With his efficiency, he innovated the concepts of hotels and luxury stay, and established the Hotel cha in as one of the most eminent Hotels around the world. Literature Review Each and every leader around the world has a specific leadership style. The various leadership styles include the Laissez- Faire leadership style. This leadership style lacks a direct supervision of the leader. The leader following this leadership style fails to have a close supervision on the subordinates and fails to take regular feedback from the employees or the people subordinate to him (Ferguson, 2016). Thus, this leadership style is appropriate only if the employees are highly skilled and needs least supervision of the leaders. Thus, the Laissez- Faire leadership style was not followed by J.W.Marriott, since he was an entrepreneur and a leader who guided his employees well, such that they are motivated to work diligently, and establish the hotel chain to the height it has reached (Shekhar, 2016). Another popularly used leadership style is the Autocratic leadership. In this style of leadership, the leader is the sole owner and the decision maker (Koeswono, 2014). All the decisions are taken by the leader alone and the other employees simply follows the decision taken by the leader. In case of the chosen leader John Willard Marriot, this style of leadership is not followed (McCleskey, 2014). The countries such as Cuba and North Korea follow the autocratic leadership style. J.W.Marriot does not follow this leadership style, as the involvement of the employees and stakeholders play an essential role in any decision making. One of the most important leadership styles that is followed by the leader John Willard Marriot is the people-oriented leadership style. This form of leadership focuses on sharpening the skills of the managers as well as the employees. Moreover, this leadership style treats the employees as an integral part of the hotel and feedback is collected from the employ ees, before the decisions are taken. Style and Approach The leadership style that is followed by the leader John Willard Marriot is the authentic and people oriented leadership style. This style lays its priority on the well-being of the employees, along with the achievement of the organizational goals. J.W. Marriott was an energetic leader since he was dedicated towards improvement of his company and its growth. He inspected every establishment personally at least four times a year. He knew every details of hotel around the world, and made sure that he was always well informed. In this leadership style, he treated his employees with importance (Day et al., 2014). He stressed on employee loyalty, and employee retention. He made sure that the workplace environment is positive enough such that employee satisfaction is achieved. As a leader, he taught what he preached. Even in his busy schedule J.W.Marriott ensured that he spoke to each and every employee, addressing their issues separately. Along with giving priority to the employees, he en sured that the customers are given adequate priority. The diligent working of the employees, as well as their dedication fulfils the customer needs (Renko et al., 2015). Thus, with such as efficient leader and leadership styles, J.W.Marriott was established as a efficient leader in the tourism and hospitality industry. The main motto of the leader was to make everyday count. Along with being an efficient leader and a great motivator, he was also a great human being as he extended his concerns and supports for charitable programs. He donated a huge amount of the earned revenue and a large amount of his time for charitable purposes (Zhang et al., 2015). Thus, he displayed the traits of a true leader who, along with being a high ambitious businessperson was a kind-hearted charitable person. The other leadership styles such as the autocratic style or the Laissez- Faire leadership style are not considered in case of J.W.Marriott. This is because, these leadership style would have not resulted in the success which the leader got. Moreover, with the use of autocratic leadership style, employee satisfaction and employee retention could not be achieved. Ethical Aspects A leader needs to abide by the values and ethics, in order to be followed and respected by all. As a leader the ethical considerations such as equality, diversity, refraining from gender discrimination has to be considered (Shapiro Stefkovich, 2016). The company founded by J.W.Marriott is considered as one of the most ethical hotel chains in the world. The ethical aspects considered by the leader and his company include abiding to the ethical considerations where the employees are given the right wages along with giving importance to their fundamental human rights. However, one ethical issue that had been faced was when a sports travel agent complained that the suites in Marriott lacked the basic amenities and facilities as mentioned in the contract. However, in this case, Marriot was unable to locate any person who had filed the complaint. Cases of ethical dilemma regarding the gender discrimination or cultural differences were not reported (Marriott.com, 2017). Another dilemmas wa s faced by the leader, when a particular post of a chef was denied to a lady, since most of the chefs were men. When the lady approached J.W.Marriott, he clarified to her the issues, and the reasons why she was denied of the particular post, and was offered a different position, most suitable for her (Hrenyk et al., 2016). However, in minor issues faced, J.W.Marriott was efficient enough to handle those issues with care. Any ethical dilemma faced by the employees or customers, the leader, spoke to them in person, and resolved the issues as and when it occurred. Minor resistances and protests faced against him, from the employees, were always handled with care, and the conflicts were resolved with effective discussions (Marriott.com, 2017). Conclusion Thus, it might be concluded that John Willard Marriott Is indeed one of the most famous leaders that the world of hospitality has witnessed, and his success is measured by the success of his organisation which is at present the worlds largest hospitality industry and restaurant chain. References (2017). Marriott.com. Retrieved April 5, 2017, from https://www.marriott.com/news/detail.mi?marrArticle=171532 Day, D. V., Fleenor, J. W., Atwater, L. E., Sturm, R. E., McKee, R. A. (2014). Advances in leader and leadership development: A review of 25years of research and theory.The Leadership Quarterly,25(1), 63-82. Ferguson, W. J. (2016).Wisdom of Titans: Secrets of Success from Entrepreneurs Who Rose to the Top. Routledge. Hrenyk, J., Szymanski, M., Kar, A., Fitzsimmons, S. R. (2016). Understanding Multicultural Individuals as Ethical Global Leaders. InAdvances in Global Leadership(pp. 57-78). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Koeswono, J. S. (2014). Implementasi Christian Leadership Di Cv Supratex.Agora,2(1), 131-140. McCleskey, J. A. (2014). Situational, transformational, and transactional leadership and leadership development.Journal of Business Studies Quarterly,5(4), 117. Renko, M., El Tarabishy, A., Carsrud, A. L., Brnnback, M. (2015). Understanding and measuring entrepreneurial leadership style.Journal of Small Business Management,53(1), 54-74. Shekhar, S. (2016).Managing the reality of virtual organizations. Springer. Shapiro, J. P., Stefkovich, J. A. (2016).Ethical leadership and decision making in education: Applying theoretical perspectives to complex dilemmas. Routledge. Zhang, Y., Shu, S., Ji, Z., Wang, Y. (2015). A Study of the Commercial Application of Big Data of the International Hotel Group in China: Based on the Case Study of Marriott International. InBig Data Computing Service and Applications (BigDataService), 2015 IEEE First International Conference on(pp. 412-417). IEEE.

Every new high school graduate... free essay sample

Every new high school graduate is cursed with having to make the decision of what to do for the rest of their life. Many people choose to go to college, others choose to go straight into the workforce. For Elle Woods, her goal was to attend Harvard Law School. This became her goal after her boyfriend, Warner Huntington III, broke up with her because he felt that she was not good for him if he wanted to achieve his dreams of becoming Senator. Elle was a beautiful, blonde, sorority girl, and do not attend schools like Harvard according to many stereotypes. She decided that she was going to defy these odds and was going to prove everyone wrong by going to Harvard. During her graduation speech, Elle uses ethos, pathos, and logos to show her graduating class that as long as you have passion, you can accomplish anything. Her speech demonstrates the idea in our culture that you are not your stereotypes, you are what you make of yourself. We will write a custom essay sample on Every new high school graduate or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When beginning her speech, Elle uses ethos to establish her credibility and to relate with her graduating class. She does this by using simple words such as our. Her first sentence of the speech is On our very first day at Harvard (McCullah and Smith), which presents the entire graduating class as equals. She establishes her credibility by reciting an Aristotle quote that her teacher had shared on her very first day of class. By reciting this quote from her first day of school, it shows that she had worked hard, and was a good student who payed very close attention in her classes. Quoting Aristotle also shows that Elle can be a serious person when she needs to be, and that further makes her a credible source to fellow Harvard graduate students. She also uses her own experiences to relate to her fellow students. Well, no offense to Aristotle, but in my three years at Harvard I have come to find that passion is a key ingredient to the study and practice of law and of life. (McCullah and Smith). By saying this, she shows her audience that her speech is from the heart and is genuine. Her use of ethos proves to her audience that she is more than just a pretty face, it proves that she also has a brain.Elles speech also contains many elements of pathos. Her main way of doing this is similar to how she incorporated ethos, with her word choices to unify the entire graduating class. Throughout the entire speech, she uses words such as our, and we to make the class feel as though they are one. She also ends her speech by saying Congratulations class of 2004 we did it! (McCullah and Smith). Elle also uses pathos to express feelings and emotions to her audience. She does this by saying It is with passion, courage of conviction, and strong sense of self that we take our next steps into the world, remembering that first impressions are not always correct. (McCullah and Smith). This sentence in itself can convey a lot of emotions in an audience. She is saying that you have to have passion for everything you do, whether that be school related, or even just life related. Not only do you need passion, but you also need courage. You cannot accomplish anything in life if you are afraid of the outcome or what someone else might say about it. Elle also says that you need a strong sense of self when moving on in your life. She makes this known that it is very important simply through her character. She always knew who she was and who she wanted to be, she never let anyone tell her any different. She was a strong person who stuck to her ideals and beliefs, and her speech tried to convey those same ideas to the entire graduating class. Using pathos in her speech further conveys her idea that you are not your stereotype, by showing her audience that she herself had defied hers. She connected with her graduating class on a personal level to get her point across.At the very beginning of her speech, Elle used logos. She did this by quoting Aristotle, who is a highly known and respected philosopher and scientist. Her audience was a large group of fellow law school graduates, quoting Aristotle is showing logic to them because of the fact that he was a philosopher and a scientist. Not only did she quote Aristotle, but she argued his claims. The law is reason free from passion. (Aristotle). She argued this by saying Well, no offense to Aristotle, but in my three years at Harvard I have come to find that passion is a key ingredient to the study and practice of law and of life. (McCullah and Smith). By saying that passion overrules your stereotypes, this is appealing to her audiences sense of rationality. Of course having passion means you can do anything in school or in life, it is logical to the human brain. Elle also says It is with passion, courage of conviction, and strong sense of self that we take our next steps into the world, remembering that first impressions are not always correct. (McCullah and Smith). Saying that first impressions are not always correct also appeals to the audiences rationality, because humans all know that you have to get to know a person before you can make a judgement about them. This was also logical for her to say simply because of her own experience at Harvard. She was judged for who she was and she proved everyone wrong. She accessed aspects of the human brain to prove that she was logical enough to be taken seriously. Even though this movie came out 14 years ago, Elles message is still very relevant to everyone today. Elle decided that she was not going to live up to her stereotype, and that she was going to challenge what everyone said about her. Elle worked extremely hard for what she wanted, and it all paid off in the end. The lesson of you are not your stereotype is still a very important lesson to teach today. There is very strong tension currently within our country and we unfortunately have very many issues with stereotypes. It is very important to teach todays youth and even adults that you are your own person and you can do whatever you put your mind to. It does not always have to be as extreme as going to Harvard to prove that you can do it, but the message itself is the same all around. If Elle had listened to everyone going against her, she would have never even attended Harvard or found what her true passion was. If Elle did not work hard for what she wanted and had passion every step of the way, she would have continued to live her life as the beautiful, blonde, sorority girl.

Future Trends in Mechanical Engineering essays

Future Trends in Mechanical Engineering essays According to the ASME International (American Society of Mechanical Engineers), job opportunities will increasingly grow over the next seven years (ASME). "By the year 2006, an estimated 16 percent more mechanical engineers will be employed in the United States than in 1996. This percent increase translates to a gain of 35,000 jobs, largely in the services sector of the U.S. economy, over the 10-year period" (ASME). The more mechanical engineers in the market, the more competition. Competition leads to the production of new technological items (ASME). The labor market of mechanical engineering will change as time goes on with the introduction of new technological breakthroughs sweeping the world (ASME). New trends include: the production of new materials that are structurally stronger and lighter than anything known, The miniaturization of medical instruments and other tools are trends of the future, flexible and programmable manufacturing systems allowing rapid switching from one product to another, and the ever-increasing role of personal computers in engineering design and analysis (ASME). An increasing amount of mechanical engineers will be needed to develop fuel cell and other types of energy technologies to help manage the environment with new government regulations (ASME). "Emerging occupations will arise because new technologies or new work organized around existing technologies pose new requirements," (ASME) Internationally, increasing populations and the growth of economies will create more jobs for environmental pollution control and electric power, telecommunications, and airline industries (ASME). Other job opportunities will be found in the high-tech area of vehicle guidance systems to solve the problem of automotive traffic congestion in many parts of the world (ASME). The global uncommonly will require all engineers to understand cultural diversity so that everybody can work in teams to strive to improve the fie...

The English Legal System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The English Legal System - Essay Example Moreover, the method of making laws is not a result of one night’s effort rather it is an outcome of intense thought process. Subsequently, a few prominent methods of law making in England and Wales is firmly rooted in the medieval history while other methods are seen to have a strong affiliation and a set of implications from the post-World War II. Although the differences in the time period is attributed to the methods of law making but the influence of social, technological and political components is apparent in law making methods irrespective of the differences in the time period. A number of processes are required to be completed while formulating laws before their full-fledged enforcement (Weait, 2011, p. 11; Weait and Goodey, 2011, p. 69: Howells et.al., 2011, p. 144). Correspondingly, this essay intends to explain the different processes by which law can be changed. Subsequently, the essay also presents arguments both in favour and against the statement, â€Å"At one level law reform is either a product of parliamentary or judicial activity. Parliament tends, however, to be concerned with particularities of law reform and the judiciary are constitutionally and practically disbarred from reforming the law in anything other than an opportunistic and piecemeal way†. House of Commons and the Houses of Lords constitute parliament in England and Wales. The members of the House of Commons are elected individuals by public from different constituencies. On the other hand, the members of the House of Lords are nominated by Prime Minister of the country. Both the houses of parliament are required to perform various functions among which engaging in discussions and debates in order to pass new laws is considered as one of the major functions. Laws that are enacted by parliament are discerned as Acts of Parliament. These laws are also commonly known as legislation or statute (Arthur et al., 2011, p. 92). The English law system is also widely known

Ethical Hacking the three shades White Hat, Black Hat, Gray Hat Research Paper

Ethical Hacking the three shades White Hat, Black Hat, Gray Hat - Research Paper Example 2010; Snyder, 2006; Mahmood et al., 2010; Smith et al., 2002; Pashel, 2006; Raether, 2008) II. Introduction Hacking has become the stuff of national security talk in the US and other countries recently, with the proliferation of news with regard to accusations that China is leading a concerted effort to hack into very critical systems owned by the US government as well as private enterprises around the world. Some of the most recent reports tie the concerted hacking efforts to the Chinese military, indicating that not only is the hacking sanctioned by government, but is being done with its active support, with the intent to gain from the vast intelligence that can be had from the hacking exercises. This recent spate of news has put hacking in a bad light. Clearly this kind of hacking is unethical, because of the intent to gain from illegally breaking into global information systems, and without the permission of the system owners. From the point of view of international law, this is unethical and clearly criminal (Sanger, Barboza and Perlroth, 2013; Navarro, 2013; Olson, 2012). On the other hand it is worthwhile to note that ethical hacking is offered as a course in some universities, as in the case of a course offering in Northumbria University, entitled Ethical Hacking for Computer Security Bsc. It is an honors course. The goal of the course is to be able to produce ethical hackers who are adept at penetrating into systems with the use of tools to hack into them, so that the weaknesses and flaws of those systems may be identified and strengthened/addressed appropriately (Northumbria University, 2010). This testifies to many things, among them being that ethical hacking is a mainstream, legitimate activity, rather than something that can be deemed as criminal. The intent here is to bolster security rather than to breach systems with malice and with an intent to commit crimes. This is reflected as much in the Oxford Dictionary definition of the term, which also underlines the growing importance of ethical hacking and ethical hackers to be able to make systems more secure (Oxford University Press, 2013). That ethical and unethical hacking both exist, as typified by the two contrasting examples above, is further reflected in the way these two types of hacking are immortalized in the literature, via the contrasting designation of black hat hacking representing the practice of unethical and criminal hacking, and white hat hacking, or ethical hacking. There is also gray hat hacking, which, as the term connotes, is part ethical and part unethical. This latter term also denotes a hacker who has had experience with doing hacking on both sides of the fence. The arguments against hacking in general point to the aspect of the debate with regard to whether hacking has any place at all in legal society. This line of thinking says that all hacking is potentially illegal. Those in favor of ethical hacking, on the other hand, admit as much, but then posi ts the example of the locksmith. If one is locked into a house, for instance, because one lost the keys to the door, then it makes sense to call a locksmith to create new

Implementation of Wireless Receiver Algorithms

Implementation of Wireless Receiver Algorithms Figure 1 System Specifications (Tsimenidis, 2016) Figure 2 Message format (Tsimenidis, 2016) Figure 3 Non-coherent receiver (Tsimenidis, 2016) Figure 4 Coherent receiver (Tsimenidis, 2016) Figure 5 Receiver Front-End (Tsimenidis, 2016) Figure 6 Frequency response of a passband filter (Tsimenidis, 2016) Figure 7 Band-pass filter response Figure 8 Band-pass filter input/output Figure 9 Implemented DPSK demodulator (Tsimenidis, 2016) Figure 10 Low-pass filter input/output Figure 11 Optima sample time diagram Figure 12 Symbol with 40 samples (Tsimenidis, 2016) Figure 13 Early-Late sample at an arbitrary point (Tsimenidis, 2016) Figure 14 Early-Late sample at the maximum point of power (Tsimenidis, 2016) Figure 15 Early-Late symbol synchronization input/output Figure 16 Result of non-coherent receiver detection Figure 17 IQ Downconverter (Tsimenidis, 2016) Figure 18 Sine and cosine table graphs Figure 19 Index control flow (Tsimenidis, 2016) Figure 20 Filter comparison (Tsimenidis, 2016) Figure 21 Down-conversion: x3I vs. x3Q counter clockwise Figure 22 Down-conversion: x4I vs. x4Q counter clockwise Figure 23 x6I vs. x6Q Figure 24 Averaging approach to overcome the jitter (Tsimenidis, 2016) Figure 25 Code to solve the jitter Figure 26 Principle of the differential detector (Tsimenidis, 2016) Figure 27 Constellation without Phase Offset (dI Vs dQ) Figure 28 Result of coherent receiver detection using differential coherent demodulator Figure 29 BPSK and DPSK BER comparison (Tsimenidis, 2016) Figure 30 Costas Loop algorithm (Tsimenidis, 2016) Figure 31 Costas loop: yQ vs. yI Figure 32 Message obtained using Costas loop Figure 33 BER comparison of different modulation schemes and techniques (Sklar, 1983) This project is focused on implementing and coupling several functional blocks that will allow us to detect, extract and decode a wireless message that is being broadcasted in the Merz lab of computers. In the following sections, we will find the implementations of coherent and non-coherent receivers. In the section 1 we define the basic background knowledge that will be commonly used in the posterior phases of the report. We define the basic structure and features of the transmitter as well as the message format that the system is intended to detect. Finally, we define what is a coherent and a non-coherent system and provide a classification about the different techniques. In the section 2 we will analyse the non-coherent receiver implementation from the message acquisition, going to the filter section, signal scaling and refinement, using a DPSK demodulator to define the probable symbols represented, then establishing a synchronization for the symbol and finally presenting the message obtained. The section 3 will focus in the realization of a coherent receiver, considering two possible variations on this type of implementation: the first will be developed using a differential coherent demodulator, in this technique we will not recover the carrier signal. The second implementation of this receiver, will be done using a carrier recovery technique, which is in this case a Costas Loop Algorithm. Some common blocks are done in all the possible implementations that were carried out during this project: the first is the receiver front-end which is the responsible to acquire and prepare the signal for the posterior processing. To recover the symbol synchronization, we use a technique called early-late gate, this will let us know what is the most convenient instant of the time to sample the signal. For the case of coherent signal, we must adapt this technique to apply it separately for the signal I (in-phase) and Q (quadrature). The section 4 contains analysis, conclusions and discussions of the results obtained during the realization of the phases. The last sections of the report detail the references used for further explanations and the different programs used for implementing each block. In each section, we include little further explanations that could be referred to understand the steps and details that have been done in the corresponding section. 1. Background knowledge 1.1. Aims and objectives The focus of this project is to demonstrate the implementation and the behaviour of data links using Radio Frequency as media and different techniques. Basically, we use two techniques: coherent and non-coherent implementations. A further explanation of these techniques will be done in the following sections. A second implementation of a coherent receiver will be carried out by using a phase recovery technique with the Costas Loop and coupling the posterior phase to this block. The specifications of the system to be implemented could be defined as a set of blocks connected as follows: Figure 1 System Specifications (Tsimenidis, 2016) Where the transmitter has been already implemented, therefore the work will be carried out in the receiver algorithm to obtain the final data, which of course must be in a human readable format. We also must consider that the format of the message that is being broadcasted wirelessly in the Merz lab has the following format: Figure 2 Message format (Tsimenidis, 2016) 1.2. Digital modulation The digital modulation process refers to a technique in which the digital representation of the information is embedded in a signal, a carrier typically a sinusoidal signal, in such a way that this information will modify an established parameter of the signal. We can define a sinusoidal carrier in a general way as a signal that will correspond to the equation: Where the information could be embedded in this will be called amplitude modulation, if the parameter this will be called frequency modulation and finally the phase modulation will be obtained if we embed the data in the expression. Regard to the symbol this is called the angular frequency, it is measured in radians per second, this is related to the frequency (f) expressed in Hertz by the expression. 1.3. Coherent and non-coherent detection Considering the receiver side, we can classify the demodulation or detection based on the use of the carriers phase information in the process of information recovery. In the case that the receiver uses this information to detect the signals it will be called coherent detection, and non-coherent detection otherwise. This are also called synchronous and asynchronous detection, respectively. Coherent Non-Coherent Phase Shift Keying (PSK) Diferential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK) Frecuency Shift Keying (FSK) Frecuency Shift Keying (FSK) Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) Continuous Phase Modulation (CPM) Continuous Phase Modulation (CPM) Figure 3 Non-coherent receiver (Tsimenidis, 2016) Figure 4 Coherent receiver (Tsimenidis, 2016) 2. Non-coherent receiver 2.1. Receiver Front-End This segment of the non-coherent receiver will consist of the first two blocks, which are common for both coherent and non-coherent implementations. Figure 5 Receiver Front-End (Tsimenidis, 2016) The first block is the responsible to take a sampled input expressed as bits, represent it as a float number and then normalise it to a range +/- 1.0. The second stage applies a bandpass filter to the signal, this will attenuate the parasites components of frequency that could contaminate the signal that we received. Figure 6 Frequency response of a passband filter (Tsimenidis, 2016) To design the passband filter we must consider the following information: let = 4800 Hz, data rate = 2400 bps and sampling frequency = 48000 Hz. These assumptions, led us to the following results: Lower passband cut-off frequency: = = 3600 Hz Upper passband cut-off frequency: = + = 6000 Hz Lower stopband cut-off frequency: = = 1200 Hz Upper stopband cut-off frequency: = + = 8400 Hz The implementation of the filter will be done using the sptool command of Matlab, using the above defined values as parameters for the filter. The following figure shows the result obtained in the realization of the lab, considering the number of filter coefficients of 101. Figure 7 Band-pass filter response Figure 8 Band-pass filter input/output 2.2. DPSK demodulator To implement the non-coherent detection, we are going to use a DPSK demodulator, which was previously categorized as a non-coherent technique. The DPSK demodulator will take advantage of two basic operation that occur on the transmitter: the first is the differential encoding, and the second is the phase-shift keying. In the transmitter, the signal will be advanced in phase, with respect to the current signal, if the symbol to be sent is 0, and the phase will be preserved if the bit corresponds to 1. In the side of the receiver, we have memory that will be able to compare the phase of two successive bit intervals, i.e. it determines the relative difference in phase of these two, determining the correspondent symbols without the need of having information about the phase of the signal in the transmitter. Figure 9 Implemented DPSK demodulator (Tsimenidis, 2016) The FIR matched filter block will correspond to a low-pass filter, this is required because the demodulation process, as it is a multiplication between two sinusoidal signals, will generate a low-band signal and a high-band signal, where the second one should be filtered. 2.3. Symbol synchronisation The symbol synchronisation, also called symbol timing, is a critical process that consists in the continuous estimation and update of information of the symbol related to its data transition epochs. This is a critical process that must be conducted to keep the communication accuracy in acceptable levels. Broadly speaking, the synchronization techniques could be classified in two groups: open-loop and closed-loop. The chosen technique for this project corresponds to the Early-Late Symbol Synchronization which is a closed-loop type. The most popular technique is the closed-loop synchronization because Open-loop synchronizer has an unavoidable nonzero average tracking error (though small for large SNR, it cannot be made zero), a closed-loop symbol synchronizer circumvents this problem.(Nguyen Shwedyk, 2009) The corresponding results of the output of the demodulator are the following figures, these corresponds to the signals before and after the signal is filtered with the FIR low-pass filter. Notes: The curve in blue corresponds to the signal containing the high-frequency parasite component, and the curve in red shows the result of filtering the high frequency component, i.e. this is the output signal of the filter. The symbol correspondence is: symbol 0 for positive numbers, and symbol 1 for negative magnitudes. Figure 10 Low-pass filter input/output 2.3.1. Early-late Symbol Synchronization (Reed, 2002) The algorithm Early-late used for synchronization is supported by the idea that the sample of a symbol must be taken in the time where the energy is maximum, this will warranty a minimum error probability. This algorithm exploits the symmetry of the signal, neglecting the distortion and noise. Considering the following figure, we can see that the optimal time to take the sample, identified as T, should be in the halfway between two points T0 + d and T0 d, if the power in the T0 + d and T0 d is, ideally, the same. Figure 11 Optima sample time diagram Suppose the following figure shows a symbol, we can notice that if we take an arbitrary sample, e.g. n=3 and depending on the thresholds, could be wrongly interpreted as 0, however the most appropriated value is 1. Figure 12 Symbol with 40 samples (Tsimenidis, 2016) With a buffer size of 20 registers, we can notice that in the following figure the power levels of the signal for n=0 and n=19 are different, then we need to move the whole buffer one space to the right. Figure 13 Early-Late sample at an arbitrary point (Tsimenidis, 2016) If we continue with the iteration and we follow the rules described in the flow diagram, we will converge in a finite number of iterations, where we can see that the result is located as expected, this could be seen in the following figure. Figure 14 Early-Late sample at the maximum point of power (Tsimenidis, 2016) The results of the application of this algorithm for our case are shown in the following figure: Note: The signal in red is the input of the early-late symbol synchronization block and the signal in blue is the value of Em that will finally determine the value that the symbol is representing, in each case. Figure 15 Early-Late symbol synchronization input/output 2.4. Frame synchronisation As was stated in the in the background section, the message frame will begin with the characters ++++ and the message has 72 bytes encoding the message using a ASCII characters. Therefore, this section will deal with two tasks: (1) Detect the message preamble and (2) Decode byte per byte of the data contained in the payload. After the preamble section, we will detect 576 bits, corresponding to the 72 bytes that correspond to the ASCII characters. These characters will be dumped into an executable file that will then show the message that has been detected and decoded. The specific implementation of the algorithm is attached in the appendix section of this report. 2.5. Results and evaluation The result of applying the steps described in the sections from 2.1 to 2.4, we obtain the message, getting the result showed in the next figure: Figure 16 Result of non-coherent receiver detection 3. Coherent receiver The coherent receiver, also called synchronous receiver, implies certain degree of agreement or knowledge about parameters used in the transmitter side. For the case of the project, we have a signal of type DPSK, i.e. the codification is contained in the variation of the phase of the signal. 3.1. IQ Down-converter The aim of this component is to decompose a complex signal in terms of its in-phase and quadrature elements. To achieve this decomposition, we are going to perform the implementation using lookup-table oscillators, i.e. that for a given signal in-phase and quadrature components will be obtained by using the definitions given by: Figure 17 IQ Downconverter (Tsimenidis, 2016) Upon these definitions, the components that we obtain could be represented in two separated graphs, each one of them representing a different component table. Figure 18 Sine and cosine table graphs As for the index control of look-up table, we decide to use for loop to generate x2I[n] and x2Q[n], storing and transporting data to corresponding files as x2I.h and x2Q.h. These files will be used later to perform the conversion of values. Figure 19 Index control flow (Tsimenidis, 2016) After understanding the principle, we defined all of variables and initialized them to zero inside the main, and select the appropriate value of some variables such as state_mf, coeffs_mf and N_mf.Same as the picture over, the original data from bandpass output is also separated into two filters: Matched Filter I and Matched Filter Q, and the coefficients of the filters are the same with the original one. The benefit of using the lookup-table oscillators (setting x2 into x2I and x2Q) is to decrease the time of simulation because of the lower required sampling rate.ÂÂ   We can use via lookup table method to call them from x2I.h and x2Q.h, so that we can use it more efficiently in Matlab instead of shifting itself. And then, we multiplied x1 to x2I[n] and x2Q[n] one by one by using another for loop and got x3I and x3Q.Besides,the code of matched filter had been given by tutors and got x4I and x4Q. {x4I=fir(x3I,coeff_mf,state_mf_I,N_mf);ÂÂ   //match filter I } {x4Q=fir(x3I,coeff_mf,state_mf_Q,N_mf);ÂÂ   //match filter I } Figure 20 Filter comparison (Tsimenidis, 2016) We monitored and recorded x3I and x3Q in PicoScope and print screen. The wave of them spinning fixed at the origin point so three of these blows were selected to describe this wave batter. Figure 21 Down-conversion: x3I vs. x3Q counter clockwise After this, we can visualize the outputs of each one of the filters, now we are going to plot in the figure x4I and x4Q, obtaining: Figure 22 Down-conversion: x4I vs. x4Q counter clockwise 3.2. Symbol synchronization After IQ down-converter, the next stage is symbol synchronization. To achieve this, we create x5I[n] and x5Q[n] and sent x4I, x4Q one sample at the time. The procedure that we should do in this section is similar to the one seen in the non-coherent detection, however we must consider two buffers instead of one, one for I and other for Q parts. The sum of the above established energies will correspond to the energy that can be seen as the total energy of the signal, which is similar to lab of the symbol synchronization for the non-coherent receiver. The corresponding calculations to obtain the signals after the symbol synchronization process are defined as: Then, plotting the results obtained, we see the following figure: Figure 23 x6I vs. x6Q Due to synchronization problems, we threated the jitter that was causing these inconsistences using the averaging approach, as described in the follows: Figure 24 Averaging approach to overcome the jitter (Tsimenidis, 2016) Figure 25 Code to solve the jitter 3.3. Differential coherent demodulator In this section, we will implement a differential detector, also called a differential coherent demodulator. Figure 26 Principle of the differential detector (Tsimenidis, 2016) At first, we declare and initialize appropriately the required variables and define .In this differential detector, need to multiply ,1 symbol delay by . N N=1 N=2 N=3 After this, we defined x6I_prev and x6Q_prev to deal with this problem and let x6I_prev and x6Q_prev denote the values of x6I and x6Q from the previous symbol. It is very important to initialize them to zero at the declaration because we know . (Tsimenidis, 2016) x6I_prev=x6I; x6Q_prev=x6Q On the same time, dI contains the first two terms which stand for the In-phase part and dQ which contains the last two terms which stand for the Quadrature part. Hard decision is then achieved by deciding whether the dI value is positive or negative, with a negative value indicating that a logic 1 was transmitted which might be used in the next step that is frame synchronization and message detection. Now we obtain the plot showi

Alcohol drinking Essay

The last reason of alcohol drinking among the youth in Hong Kong is tension reduction and it is the most common excuse among them. From a survey result conducted in 2008 by The Hong Kong Federation of Youth Group, about 30% of students increase their pressure index during the beginning of each new academic year. It was found that the high consumption of alcohol is related to the high level of pressure index. And the frequency of drinking depends on how early the students have experienced drinking alcohol. Drinking daily or over consumption of alcohol will lead to a chain of bad impacts. If we drink in a large amount, it will have lifelong negative consequences, including physically and mentally. Drinking can affect thinking capacity and the active attention period will be reduced effecively. Also fatigue may happen easily although only drinking a small amount of alcohol. As a result, it may affect in studies. As we notice that there are many foreign researches about the motivation of drinking but there are only little researches investigate the Hong Kong tertiary students. That means the foreign researches cannot completely reflect the Hong Kong situation due to the different cultural norms of east and west. Also, the education of alcohol management and knowledge are not prevalence in Hong Kong. Therefore, we would like to know about the basal motives of alcohol drinking and the influences of drinking among the tertiary students. And the healthcare stream students in IVE will be our target group. As our target group are studying in healthcare stream, we hypothesize that they are more likely to consider their health and a lower drinking frequency and quantity of alcohol will be found. We also assume that their motivation of drinking are due to peer, environment and social.

P2 and M1 for communication Essay

There are a wide range of skills we can use to communicate for example we send, receive, and process huge numbers of messages every day. But communication is about more than just exchanging information; it’s also about understanding the emotion behind the information. Communication can improve relationships at home, work, and in social situations by deepening your connections to others and improving teamwork and decision-making. It enables you to communicate even negative or difficult messages without creating conflict or destroying trust. Communication combines a set of skills including nonverbal communication, attentive listening, the ability to manage stress in the moment, and the capacity to recognize and understand your own emotions and those of the person you’re communicating with Argyles theory, communication cycle has six different stages that help you communicate you ideas.it also takes into consideration how you put your ideas across e.g. body language. An idea occurs, you have an idea that you want to communicate. Message coded, you think about how you are going to say what you are thinking. You put your thoughts into language or sing language. Message sent, you speak, sign, write or in some other way send a message. Message perceived, the other person has a sense of your message. They hear you words or see your symbols. Message decoded, the other person understands your message or what you have just said. This may not always be easy as they may make assumptions about your words and body language e.g. for example you went to the doctors and the doctor asked what wrong and you reply saying ‘I have a constant pain in my ear’. The doctor would need to keep the conversation going by rephrasing the question to something like so it’s your ear that’s hurting? This is to make sure you understood or got the right answer. Message understood, if all goes well your ideas will be understood. Argyles theory, communication cycle is a very useful thing to use when trying to communicate to sensitive patients. The communication cycle is a very useful cycle as it makes sure that you don’t say anything insensitive or hurtful to the person who is meant to be receiving the information. the communication cycle is also useful because there are a wide range of stages to help you communicate with others which helps you send someone information with them understanding what you are saying for example a doctor telling a patient when there next appointment is they could use the cycle to help them give the patient the information. But what do you think? Here is a diagram  of Argyles theory. Tuckmans theory In Tuckmans theory explains that as the team enters each stage they develop maturity, ability, relationships and the leader changes leadership style to fit in with the group.it also allows the team to look at the stages to see what stage they’re currently at. There are five different individual stages forming, storming, norming, performing and adjouring.Tuckmans stages are all necessary and inevitable in order for the team to grow, to face up to challenges, to tackle problems, to find solutions, to plan work, and to deliver results. Forming, the team is assembled and the task is allocated. The team members rend to behave independently as they don’t know each other and may feel intimidated. Individuals are also gathering information and impressions about eachother. Storming, the team starts to progress, addressing the task by suggesting ideas. Relationships may also be starting to develop. It is also essential that a team has a strong leadership. Depending on the culture of the organisation and individuals the conflict will be more or less supressed. As the team starts to move out of the storming stage they will enter the norming stage. This tends to be a step forward by the team agreeing on the rules and values by which they operate. By now the team should start to trust each other. After the arguments, they now have a better understanding of eachother and are able to appreciate each other’s skills and experience. Performing, at this stage the group will be filled with enthusiasm. The team will be able to function as a unit as they find ways to get the job done smoothly and effectively without inappropriate conflict. Some people don’t get up to this stage Adjouring, when team members are proud of what they have achieved and happy to have belonged together but at the same time they recognise that it is time to move on.tuckmans theory is a very useful theory as it gives you a range of information about team building, group skills and there stages. Overall, Tuckman’s Stages is a balanced group effort. And also shows how they’re progressing by maturing and building relationships. Here is a diagram of Tuckmans theory. Personally I think argyles theory is more effective and important than  Tuckmans theory as he gives you a load of communication skills to help you give people information. so it’s more than likely that the other person will understand the information they’re receiving. I don’t think Tuckmans theory is more important than Argyles because in Tuckmans theory he doesn’t give you much information about communication. But both theories are effective and are useful. Effective communication and interaction play an important role in the work of all health and social care professionals. For example, care professionals need to be able to use a range of communication and interaction skills in order to: work inclusively with people of different ages and diverse backgrounds, respond appropriately to the variety of care-related problems and individual needs of people who use care services, enable people to feel relaxed and secure enough to talk openly, establish trusting relationships with colleagues and people who use care services, ask sensitive and difficult questions, and obtain information about matters that might be very personal and sensitive. Nurses may have used their communication and interaction skills to find out about the symptoms of your health problems or may have given you advice or guidance on some aspect of your health behaviour or lifestyle. website Date Time http://www.studymode.com/essays/p-2-Discuss-The-2-Theories-1360439.html 29/09/2013 23:15 http://www.studymode.com/essays/Argyles-Communication-Cycle-And-Tuckman’s-Interaction-1092710.html 29/09/2013 23:19

A Profile of Paul Williams, Architect to the Stars

During an age when racial prejudice ran strong, Paul Revere Williams (born February 18, 1894 in Los Angeles) overcame barriers and became a favored architect in Southern California. In 1923, he was the first Black architect to become a member of the national professional organization, the American Institute of Architects (AIA), and he rose to become a Fellow in 1957 (FAIA). In 2017, Williams posthumously received the Institutes highest honor, the AIA Gold Medal. Paul Williams was orphaned when he was four — his brother and parents died of tuberculosis — but his artistic talents were supported and encouraged by his new foster family. His non-Black public school teachers, however, gave little encouragement to Williams, citing the perceived difficulties of a Negro pursuing an architecture career within a largely white community. Nevertheless, he enrolled in the local engineering school and graduated in 1919 from the University of Southern California. He went on to New York City to become one of the first Black students to attend the Beaux-Arts Institute of Design, an architectural experience modeled after the curriculum of the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris. Williams was ambitious and self-assured after such rigorous study and especially after winning an important architecture competition when he was only 25. He opened his own practice back in LA when he was 28. As a Black American, Paul Williams faced many social and economic barriers. Williams clients were mostly white. In the moment that they met me and discovered they were dealing with a Negro, I could see many of them freeze, he wrote in American Magazine. My success during those first few years was founded largely upon my willingness — anxiety would be a better word — to accept commissions which were rejected as too small by other, more favored, architects. Much of what we know about Williams process is from this 1937 essay, I Am a Negro. He took to heart what he had been told about clients — that Black people couldnt afford architects and white people wouldnt hire a Black architect. So, he developed tricks to be less intrusive, almost subservient to potential white clients — most famously, he elegantly sketched upside-down to showcase his ideas to white clients while maintaining a physical distance. Perhaps it is this understanding of space that made this architect so successful. He used both physical and psychological tactics — he would consciously stand in a non-threatening posture with both hands behind his back while explaining that he normally doesnt take on projects in the lower price ranges, but hed be glad to offer some ideas. Williams most famously has said If I allow the fact that I am a Negro to checkmate my will to do, now, I will inevitably form the habit of being defeated. Being Black in a segregated industry led Paul Williams to develop salesmanship and become politically active. He joined the Los Angeles Planning Commission and he became the first Black member of the American Institute of Architects (AIA). In 1957, he was the first Black architect elected to the prestigious AIA College of Fellows (FAIA). Paul Williams collaborated with other architects on many of his larger, public projects, most famously for his role in designing the Theme Building at Los Angeles International Airport (LAX). Some of Williams projects were with architect A. Quincy Jones, who worked with Williams from 1939 to 1940. Although the iconic, futuristic LAX structure is high profile architecture, Williams designed thousands of private homes in Southern California — many of the most beautiful houses in Hollywood are sold an resold to the ongoing star-making machine surrounding Hollywood. Williams designed homes for Lucille Ball, Bert Lahr, and Frank Sinatra, and he became close friends with Danny Thomas, for whom he did pro bono work for St. Jude Childrens Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee. While there is no one distinctive look to his buildings, Paul Williams became known for designs that were stylized and elegant. The architect borrowed ideas from the past without using excessive ornamentation. He could make a Tudor Revival mansion look like a manor house on the outside and a cozy bungalow on the inside. Paul Revere Williams retired in 1973 and died in the city of his birth on January 23, 1980 in Los Angeles, California. Although few documents from his practice have survived, architectural scholars have compiled extensive records of Paul Williams life and works, including contracts, letters from clients, plans, and materials related to specific projects. Photographs, bibliographies, and other resources are posted online by the Paul R. Williams Project, coordinated by AIA Memphis, the University of Memphis, and other organizations. In the 1940s, Williams published two small books of plans that have remained in print. Also, author Karen E. Hudson, the granddaughter of the architect, has been documenting Williams life and work. The Small Home of Tomorrow by Paul R. WilliamsNew Homes for Today by Paul R. WilliamsPaul R. Williams Architect: a legacy of style by Karen Hudson, Rizzoli, 2000The Will and the Way: Paul R. Williams, Architect by Karen Hudson, Rizzoli, 1994 (for ages 8-12)Paul R. Williams: Classic Hollywood Style by Karen Hudson, Rizzoli, 2012 Sources Early African-American Members of the AIA (PDF); 2017 AIA Gold Medal, AIA.org; Architect of Hope, St. Jude Childrens Research Hospital; Williams the Conqueror by Shashank Bengali, University of Southern California Public Relations, 2/01/04